{"id":3320,"date":"2017-04-11T17:43:50","date_gmt":"2017-04-11T15:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?p=3320"},"modified":"2017-04-11T17:46:55","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T15:46:55","slug":"geografie-kontinentu-ardy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?p=3320","title":{"rendered":"Geografie kontinent\u016f Ardy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Geografie kontinent\u016f Ardy – \u0160\u00e1rka \u0160korp\u00edkov\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je souhrnem stejnojmenn\u00e9 prezentace z\u00a0lednov\u00e9ho Tolkienconu 2017. Nech\u0165 je pom\u016fckou v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli v\u017edy v\u011bd\u011bt, co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za okraji mapy onoho zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho v\u00fdseku St\u0159edozem\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0hlubin\u00e1ch internetu nalezli nejr\u016fzn\u011bji zpracovan\u00e9, av\u0161ak navz\u00e1jem si neodpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed mapy sv\u011bta J.R.R. Tolkiena. Nebudeme se podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdvat p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy ani ud\u00e1vat letopo\u010dty, sp\u00ed\u0161e se celkov\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me, jak Tolkienova Arda m\u011bnila svou tv\u00e1\u0159 v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u011bk\u016f. Bohu\u017eel nemohu b\u00fdt s\u00a0v\u00e1mi, abych v\u00e1m na map\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo ukazovala to, o \u010dem se m\u016f\u017eete v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku do\u010d\u00edst, proto doporu\u010duji si co nej\u010dast\u011bji o\u010dima srovn\u00e1vat text s\u00a0nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou mapou.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ku i tento \u010dl\u00e1nek zpracovala, sepsala a obr\u00e1zky na\u0161la \u0160\u00e1rka \u0160korp\u00edkov\u00e1 – http:\/\/cinealton.blog.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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Vych\u00e1zet budeme p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0t\u011bchto zdroj\u016f: -Silmarillion (J.R.R.Tolkien) -Atlas St\u0159edozem\u011b (K.W.Fonstad) -str\u00e1nka arda-maps.org -str\u00e1nka http:\/\/tolkiengateway.net\/wiki\/Category:Maps_of_Arda<\/a> (prvn\u00ed dva obr\u00e1zky map a pak 5 obr\u00e1zk\u016f na konci \u010dl\u00e1nku)<\/p>\n

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V\u00a0prv\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee sv\u011bt, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u011bj P\u00e1na prsten\u016f a Silmarillionu, se nenaz\u00fdv\u00e1 St\u0159edozem. St\u0159edozem\u011b je pouze kontinent. Cel\u00e9mu sv\u011btu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Arda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zad\u00e1me-li do vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed google \u201eTolkien Arda original map\u201c, naraz\u00edme mimo jin\u00e9 na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd obr\u00e1zek. V\u011bnujme mu na okam\u017eik pozornost. Mnoz\u00ed z\u00a0n\u00e1s snad budou p\u0159ekvapeni, ba i zd\u011b\u0161eni, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b takto si profesor Tolkien p\u0159edstavoval sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed sv\u011bt. V t\u011b\u017eko rozlu\u0161titeln\u00e9 zm\u011bti popisk\u016f p\u0159e\u010dteme snad jen \u201eDark Land\u201c nebo \u201eHither lands\u201c. Pozn\u00e1v\u00e1me modr\u00e9 vodn\u00ed plochy, n\u011bkolik kontinent\u016f, jeden p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed Afriku. Ale kde je ta na\u0161e St\u0159edozem, kde je Beleriand? Kam m\u00e1me situovat na\u0161e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy? <\/span><\/p>\n

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Druh\u00e1 mapa. Op\u011bt origin\u00e1ln\u00ed, op\u011bt podivn\u00e1. P\u0159e\u010dteme toho v\u0161ak ji\u017e o n\u011bco v\u00edce a m\u016f\u017eeme si za\u010d\u00edt vytv\u00e1\u0159et souvislosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Ardy za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve chv\u00edli, kdy Eru Il\u00favatar, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f t\u00e9to\u00a0Tolkienovy mytologie, povol\u00e1 mocn\u00e9 duchy Valar, aby s\u00a0pomoc\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch mocn\u00fdch duch\u016f Maiar (mj. Gandalf, Saruman, Melian, Arien, Sauron a dal\u0161\u00ed) vytvo\u0159ili sv\u011bt, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se posl\u00e9ze budou odehr\u00e1vat osudy elf\u016f, lid\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch tvor\u016f. Valar se d\u00e1vaj\u00ed do pr\u00e1ce. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0nich m\u00e1 \u201etalent\u201c na n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho \u2013 Aul\u00eb \u0159\u00edd\u00ed geologickou str\u00e1nku v\u011bci, Varda obstar\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u011btlo, Ulmo vodstvo, ale t\u0159eba Mandos m\u00e1 moc v tajemstv\u00ed smrti atd… Spole\u010dnou prac\u00ed tento nov\u00fd sv\u011bt, Arda, dost\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b takovouto podobu:<\/span><\/p>\n

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Jenom\u017ee pr\u00e1ci \u010dtrn\u00e1cti Valar sabotuje jeden z\u00a0nich \u2013 odpadl\u00edk Melkor, opl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed bohu\u017eel nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moc\u00ed ze v\u0161ech.<\/p>\n

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Popi\u0161me si, co vid\u00edme na map\u011b. Jde o pohled shora na plochu Ardy, nikoliv globus, jak\u00fd zn\u00e1me z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edkladu na\u0161\u00ed Zem\u011bkoule. Sv\u011btov\u00e9 strany jsou orientov\u00e1ny stejn\u011b (nejsp\u00ed\u0161 na rozd\u00edl od nap\u0159. elfsk\u00fdch map \u2013 ty mohly b\u00fdt orientov\u00e1ny \u201ez\u00e1padem na sever\u201c). Zcela na z\u00e1pad\u011b, \u010d.1 , le\u017e\u00ed Aman. Velk\u00fd kontinent, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e se pozd\u011bji ustanov\u00ed\u201ebla\u017een\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e\u201c \u010dili \u201eValinor\u201c. Ten je od prost\u0159edn\u00edho kontinentu odd\u011blov\u00e1n velk\u00fdm mo\u0159em Belegaerem (\u010d.2). Velk\u00fd prost\u0159edn\u00ed kontinent tvaru prohnut\u00e9ho p\u00e1su – to cel\u00e9 je na\u0161e St\u0159edozem (Endor, \u010d.5). Na v\u00fdchod od n\u00ed u\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jen velk\u00fd v\u00fdchodn\u00ed kontinent, Oronto (\u010d.4) a tyto dv\u011b pevniny od sebe d\u011bl\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 V\u00fdchodn\u00ed mo\u0159e (3). Mocn\u00ed Valar si nejprve za sv\u00e9 s\u00eddlo vybrali kr\u00e1sn\u00fd Almaren na ostrov\u011b v\u00a0ov\u00e1ln\u00e9m jeze\u0159e v\u00a0srdci St\u0159edozem\u011b (\u010d.10) . Sem dopadalo sv\u011btlo obou velk\u00fdch lamp, ji\u017en\u00edho Ormalu a severn\u00edho Illuinu (6,7), stvo\u0159en\u00fdch samotn\u00fdmi Valar k\u00a0osv\u011btlen\u00ed cel\u00e9 St\u0159edozem\u011b d\u00e1vno p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se na obloze objevily Slunce s M\u011bs\u00edc. Av\u0161ak na sever sv\u011btlo nedopadalo. Zde si Melkor z\u0159\u00eddil svou prvn\u00ed velikou pevnost Utumno (Ud\u00fan) (\u010d.9) ve st\u00ednu \u017delezn\u00fdch hor (Ered Engrin, \u010d.8) \u2013 tyto hory s\u00e1m vyzdvihnul. O \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch hor\u00e1ch nem\u00e1me z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bk\u016f zpr\u00e1vy, a\u010dkoliv je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee ji\u017e existovaly.<\/p>\n

Melkor ze sv\u00e9 pevnosti tajn\u011b sleduje d\u011bn\u00ed ve St\u0159edozemi. V\u00a0nest\u0159e\u017een\u00e9 chv\u00edli zap\u0159i\u010di\u0148uje pak p\u00e1d obou lamp. S\u00eddlo Valar v\u00a0Almarenu zanik\u00e1 a v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde st\u00e1ly lampy, objevuj\u00ed se dv\u011b obrovsk\u00e1 ov\u00e1ln\u00e1 jezera. Jak nazna\u010duje Kniha ztracen\u00fdch pov\u011bst\u00ed, mohly jezera vzniknout z\u00a0roztopen\u00e9ho ledu \u2013 s\u00e1m Melkor toti\u017e podle jedn\u00e9 verze p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu chytr\u00e1cky navrhl ostatn\u00edm, \u017ee sloupy lamp vyhotov\u00ed s\u00e1m z\u00a0jak\u00e9si kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 hmoty. Pak mu zb\u00fdvalo jen \u010dekat, a\u017e sloupy roztaj\u00ed a povol\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee se voda do jezer vlila z\u00a0okoln\u00edch mo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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Nyn\u00ed ji\u017e m\u00e1me p\u0159ed sebou Ardu podobnou Tolkienov\u011b druh\u00e9mu vyobrazen\u00ed, uveden\u00e9m v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku. Mapa je podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, op\u011bt si tedy jednotliv\u00e9 zaj\u00edmavosti o\u010d\u00edslujeme a pop\u00ed\u0161eme. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Velk\u00e1 jezera (1,2) se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Helkar a Ringil – nesou tedy jm\u00e9na pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f zanikl\u00fdch lamp Illuinu a Ormalu. D\u00e1le si v\u0161imn\u011bme horstev. Po v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159ech stran\u00e1ch St\u0159edozem\u011b najdeme n\u011bjak\u00e9 poho\u0159\u00ed. Modr\u00e9 hory (Ered Luin) na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b jsou prakticky jedin\u00e9, kter\u00e9 se staly d\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. D\u00e1le na severov\u00fdchod\u011b jsou Rud\u00e9 hory, jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b \u0160ed\u00e9 a jihov\u00fdchod\u011b \u017dlut\u00e9 hory. Na st\u0159edov\u00fdchod\u011b St\u0159edozem\u011b spat\u0159ujeme oblouk Hor v\u011btru, obep\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch zemi Hild\u00f3rien. Pr\u00e1v\u011b toto m\u00edsto bylo zvoleno, aby se zde probudili lid\u00e9. Jak ale uvid\u00edme za chv\u00edli, v\u011bc bude slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Prozat\u00edm pohle\u010fme je\u0161t\u011b na sever St\u0159edozem\u011b, kde si Melkor buduje druhou pevnost – Angband, ji\u017e na jihu od \u017delezn\u00fdch hor. Zprvu zde s\u00eddl\u00ed Sauron, ale po dobyt\u00ed a vyklizen\u00ed Utumna se do Angbandu st\u011bhuje i Melkor.<\/p>\n

V Amanu, kam se p\u0159es\u00eddlili Valar, vznik\u00e1 za horami Pel\u00f3ri jejich st\u0159e\u017een\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Valinor. Pel\u00f3ri jsou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm horstvem Ardy, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrchol se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Taniquetil. Valar sami hory vyzdvihli a\u017e po sv\u00e9m us\u00eddlen\u00ed se v Amanu. Postavili pak m\u011bsto Valmar a za jeho branami rostly dva velk\u00e9 stromy – Laurelin a Telperion, aby rozl\u00e9valy sv\u011btlo po cel\u00e9m Valinoru. Pozorn\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 tedy tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee v c\u00edpech Amanu le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ed Pel\u00f3ri tolik sv\u011btla nebylo…(Tyto zem\u011b se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed Araman na severu a Avathar na jihu)<\/p>\n

A proto\u017ee i nyn\u00ed maj\u00ed Valar snahu udr\u017eovat Ardu soum\u011brnou, tak i ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm kontinentu zdvihaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 hory, pozd\u011bji naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Hradby Slunce. Musely m\u00edt tehdy jin\u00fd n\u00e1zev, nebo\u0165 Slunce je\u0161t\u011b neexistovalo.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00ed, co je dobr\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit v\u00a0t\u00e9to situaci \u2013 tam, kde se mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed jak\u00e9si hranice obyvateln\u00e9 Ardy, nach\u00e1z\u00ed se ledov\u00e1 t\u0159\u00ed\u0161\u0165.<\/p>\n

Arda \u010dek\u00e1 na p\u0159\u00edchod Elf\u016f (Quendi), prvn\u00edch Il\u00favatarov\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Valar se pokou\u0161ej\u00ed zpacifikovat Melkora a p\u0159ipravit Ardu tak, aby se v\u00a0n\u00ed elfov\u00e9 mohli bezpe\u010dn\u011b pohybovat.<\/p>\n

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Bohu\u017eel to nen\u00ed v\u016fbec lehk\u00e9. P\u0159i boj\u00edch s\u00a0Melkorem dojde k\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu naru\u0161en\u00ed St\u0159edozem\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Jak vid\u00edme, p\u00e1s St\u0159edozem\u011b se d\u011bl\u00ed na dva kontinenty, do pevniny se zakous\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u0159e a Belgaersk\u00fd oce\u00e1n se spojuje s\u00a0V\u00fdchodn\u00edm mo\u0159em. Ji\u017en\u00ed jezero Ringil zanik\u00e1, stejn\u011b jako Helkar se nejsp\u00ed\u0161e (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b) vyl\u00e9v\u00e1 do okoln\u00edch oce\u00e1n\u016f. Ji\u017en\u00ed kontinent je v\u00a0Tolkienov\u011b d\u00edle popisov\u00e1n jako \u201eDark land\u201c. \u00dazem\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed Afriku se pozd\u011bji stane p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b oblast\u00ed Haradu. Valar si nyn\u00ed necht\u011bj\u00ed dovolit obnovovat soum\u011brnost v\u00a0Ard\u011b, nebo\u0165 hodina probuzen\u00ed elf\u016f se citeln\u011b p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila a Valar sami nev\u011bd\u011bli, kde p\u0159esn\u011b k\u00a0n\u011bmu m\u00e1 doj\u00edt. Jin\u00fdmi slovy necht\u011bli naru\u0161ovat a trhat kontinenty v\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde by pod zem\u00ed mohli elfov\u00e9 \u010dekat na probuzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de severn\u00edho jezera Helkar, jeho osud nen\u00ed zcela jist. Za chv\u00edli se dozv\u00edme, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b na jeho b\u0159ez\u00edch se maj\u00ed elfov\u00e9 probudit \u2013 b\u00e1jn\u00e9 jezero Cuivienen m\u00e1 toti\u017e b\u00fdt z\u00e1tokou Helkaru. Helkar tedy mus\u00ed v\u00a0n\u011bjak\u00e9 podob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b existovat \u2013 bu\u010fto st\u00e1le ve form\u011b jezera, a\u010d men\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e p\u016fvodn\u011b, nebo v\u00a0podob\u011b obrovsk\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1toky. Zde bereme v\u00a0\u00favahu sp\u00ed\u0161e prvn\u00ed mo\u017enost.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zde m\u00e1me \u017elutob\u00edl\u00fdm slun\u00ed\u010dkem nazna\u010deno m\u00edsto probuzen\u00ed elf\u016f. Ti se z\u00e1hy vydaj\u00ed na z\u00e1pad, na pozv\u00e1n\u00ed Valar do Valinoru. Nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v\u0161ak na p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku a tou jsou relativn\u011b nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 Ml\u017en\u00e9 Hory (Hithaeglir), vyzdvi\u017een\u00e9 Melkorem jako z\u00e1taras proti j\u00edzd\u011b loveck\u00e9 dru\u017einy Valy Orom\u00ebho, jen\u017e ve St\u0159edozemi jezdil lovit Melkorovy nestv\u016fry. Po p\u0159\u00edchodu k\u00a0Ml\u017en\u00fdm hor\u00e1m se n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed elfov\u00e9 rozhodli z\u016fstat pod nimi, jin\u00ed pokra\u010dovali d\u00e1le. Dlu\u017eno dodat, \u017ee Ml\u017en\u00e9 hory jsou ji\u017e v\u00a0Hobitovi br\u00e1ny jako \u201ezl\u00e9\u201c, pln\u00e9 sk\u0159et\u016f. To pod nimi d\u0159\u00edmal Balrog, to ony nepustily dru\u017einu Prstenu p\u0159es pr\u016fsmyk, to v\u00a0nich le\u017eel Gundabad a tak\u00e9 Angmar k\u00a0nim t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159il\u00e9hal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b jedny hory n\u00e1s budou zaj\u00edmat, a to Hory v\u011btru. Co se s\u00a0nimi stalo po rozl\u00e1m\u00e1n\u00ed St\u0159edozem\u011b? Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se posunuly o kus severn\u011bji. Nen\u00ed jist\u00e9, v\u00a0jak\u00e9 podob\u011b se zachovaly. Na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 mapce najdete oran\u017eov\u011b ozna\u010den\u00fd Hild\u00f3rien, kde se pak po zna\u010dn\u011b dlouh\u00e9m \u010dase probud\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed mapa nazna\u010duje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd lesn\u00ed pokryv St\u0159edozem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kdo chce, m\u016f\u017ee porovnat tuto mapu se Silmarillionskou mapou Beleriandu nebo s\u00a0klasickou v\u00fdsekovou mapou St\u0159edozem\u011b. Jako orienta\u010dn\u00ed bod m\u016f\u017ee poslou\u017eit ostrov Balar v\u00a0balarsk\u00e9 z\u00e1toce anebo Ml\u017en\u00e9 hory. Napov\u00edm je\u0161t\u011b, \u017ee pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Mordor je st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b pod vodami Helkarsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elfov\u00e9 se vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed na cestu na z\u00e1pad.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kdy\u017e naraz\u00ed na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Belegaeru, je t\u0159eba dopravit je p\u0159es mo\u0159e. K\u00a0tomu byl v\u00a0historii Ardy n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t pou\u017eit ostrov v\u00a0balarsk\u00e9 z\u00e1toce, na n\u011bj\u017e se z\u00e1stupy nalodily a p\u0159eplavily se k\u00a0Amanu.<\/p>\n

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Kdy\u017e se situace relativn\u011b ust\u00e1lila, v\u00a0balarsk\u00e9 z\u00e1toce z\u016fstal u\u017e jen mal\u00fd od\u0161t\u011bpek p\u016fvodn\u00edho ostrova a tento ostr\u016fvek pozd\u011bji nesl pr\u00e1v\u011b ono jm\u00e9no Balar. Zbytek velk\u00e9ho ostrova z\u016fstal natrvalo ukotven jako jak\u00e9si p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed Valinoru. Dostal jm\u00e9no Tol Eress\u00eba a v\u00a0Tolkienov\u011b mytologii slou\u017eil jako mezistupe\u0148 St\u0159edozem\u011b (oby\u010dejn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta) a Valinoru (zem\u011b neum\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch). S\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed hostila Eress\u00eba Bilba, Gimliho, nebo t\u0159eba lidsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159eplavce Eriola (Kniha ztracen\u00fdch pov\u011bst\u00ed). Eress\u00eba byla v\u0161ak os\u00eddlena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm elfy. K\u00a0umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed komunikace mezi n\u00ed a horami ohrazen\u00fdm Valinorem vytvo\u0159ili Valar proluku v\u00a0poho\u0159\u00ed Pel\u00f3ri,kudy bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 proj\u00edt. T\u00edmto pr\u016fsmykem Calacirya pronikalo sv\u011btlo Dvou strom\u016f. Narozd\u00edl od t\u00e9to mapy, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se pr\u016fsmyk nach\u00e1zel sp\u00ed\u0161e severn\u011b od hory Taniquetil. Tak\u00e9 toto \u00fazem\u00ed bylo brzy os\u00eddleno \u2013 vzniklo zde slavn\u00e9 elfsk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Tirion.<\/p>\n

Melkor reaguje. V\u00a0m\u00edst\u011b sv\u00e9 pevnosti Angbandu zdvih\u00e1 t\u0159i zlov\u011bstn\u00e9 sope\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edty Thangorodrim.<\/p>\n

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Valar tak\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce vyvy\u0161uj\u00ed Pel\u00f3ri a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed jim podobu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 kolm\u00fdch skaln\u00edch st\u011bn, obrovsk\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f \u010dn\u00edc\u00edch nad mo\u0159em. Br\u00e1na do Valinoru je ohrazena i na mo\u0159i \u2013 vznik\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 o\u010darovan\u00fdch ostr\u016fvk\u016f, v\u00a0nich\u017e m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd nepovolan\u00fd jedinec uv\u00edznout a ztroskotat daleko d\u0159\u00edv, ne\u017e se dostane k\u00a0Amanu. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Op\u011bt p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed Melkorova chv\u00edle. Spol\u010duje se s\u00a0pavou\u010dic\u00ed Ungoliant z\u00a0jihu hor Pel\u00f3ri (ano, ani Valar nemaj\u00ed na sv\u00e9m kontinentu zcela uklizeno) a vyr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed spolu zni\u010dit valinorsk\u00e9 Dva stromy. Nast\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e1 tma. Melkor se zmoc\u0148uje legend\u00e1rn\u00edch Silmarill\u016f a dopou\u0161t\u00ed se prvn\u00ed vra\u017edy… <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ve v\u0161eobecn\u00e9m zmatku, vzteku a smutku se hled\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Valar k\u0159\u00eds\u00ed to posledn\u00ed, co ze Dvou strom\u016f je\u0161t\u011b zbylo \u2013 kv\u011bt st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9ho a plod zlat\u00e9ho stromu. To jest z\u00e1klad pro rod\u00edc\u00ed se M\u011bs\u00edc a Slunce. A\u017e nyn\u00ed St\u0159edozem\u011b pozn\u00e1v\u00e1 slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky. Slunce na rozd\u00edl od M\u011bs\u00edce dost\u00e1v\u00e1 pravidelnou dr\u00e1hu po obloze. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed nad v\u00fdchodn\u00edm kontinentem a m\u00e1 zde takovou s\u00edlu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina on\u00e9 rozlehl\u00e9 zem\u011b je jeho \u017e\u00e1rem a \u017e\u00e1rem jeho pr\u016fvodkyn\u011b Arien such\u00e1 a vyprahl\u00e1. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159i prvn\u00edm v\u00fdchodu Slunce doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0probuzen\u00ed lid\u00ed v\u00a0oran\u017eov\u011b vyzna\u010den\u00e9 oblasti Hild\u00f3rienu. Aby to nebylo tak jednoduch\u00e9, tak prvn\u00ed v\u00fdchod Slunce se uskute\u010dn\u00ed na z\u00e1pad\u011b, nebo\u0165 ani slune\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1hy je\u0161t\u011b nejsou ust\u00e1leny. Odtud poch\u00e1z\u00ed touha lid\u00ed j\u00edt st\u00e1le na z\u00e1pad, a\u010dkoliv v\u0161echny dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdchody slunce u\u017e prob\u011bhly skute\u010dn\u011b na v\u00fdchod\u011b. <\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00a0t\u00e9to podob\u011b ji\u017e Arda z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b stejn\u00e1 cel\u00fd prvn\u00ed v\u011bk. Ve St\u0159edozemi se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 a slavn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Boje s\u00a0temnou moc\u00ed, hrdinstv\u00ed a zrady. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy mocn\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch Silmaril\u016f. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy velk\u00fdch l\u00e1sek. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Ani v\u00a0t\u00e9to podob\u011b Arda nevydr\u017e\u00ed v\u011b\u010dn\u011b. S\u00a0koncem prvn\u00edho v\u011bku se schyluje k\u00a0V\u00e1lce hn\u011bvu. E\u00e4rendil p\u016flelf se vyprav\u00ed ze St\u0159edozem\u011b \u017e\u00e1dat o pomoc samotn\u00e9 Valar. Ti vyjdou kone\u010dn\u011b do otev\u0159en\u00e9ho boje proti Melkorovi Morgothovi a s\u00a0p\u0159i\u010din\u011bn\u00edm mnoha state\u010dn\u00fdch elf\u016f i lid\u00ed jej por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Boje se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed tak\u00e9 Melkor\u016fv nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejstra\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed drak Ancalagon \u010dern\u00fd. S\u00e1m E\u00e4rendil draka por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00fd p\u00e1d nestv\u016fry na zem vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti St\u0159edozem\u011b se bohu\u017eel pot\u00e1p\u00ed pod mo\u0159e. <\/span><\/p>\n

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A toto je Arda druh\u00e9ho v\u011bku. Ji\u017e skoro v\u0161ichni rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1me zn\u00e1m\u00e9 k\u0159ivky v\u00fdsekov\u00e9 mapy St\u0159edozem\u011b. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed se posunulo do vnitrozem\u00ed i v\u00a0oblasti Haradu. Dost mo\u017en\u00e1 se od St\u0159edozem\u011b odd\u00e1lil jak Aman, tak Oronto \u2013 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed kontinent. V\u00a0Belegaersk\u00e9m mo\u0159i se naopak vyno\u0159uje zcela nov\u00e1 zem\u011b \u2013 N\u00famenor darovan\u00fd samotn\u00fdm Eru Il\u00favatarem v\u0161em v\u011brn\u00fdm lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed pomohli v\u00a0boj\u00edch proti Melkorovi. Lid\u00e9 se zde usidluj\u00ed a pod veden\u00edm Elrondova bratra Elrose za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 dlouh\u00e9 a slavn\u00e9, av\u0161ak nechvaln\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed\u010d\u00ed d\u011bjiny…<\/p>\n

Ano, lid\u00e9 z\u00a0N\u00famenoru se bohu\u017eel ke konci 2. V\u011bku kaz\u00ed. V\u00a0touze po moci vyplouv\u00e1 kr\u00e1l Ar-Pharazon na z\u00e1pad, aby dobyl Valinor, zat\u00edmco obyvatelstvo N\u00famenoru se na Sauronovu radu v\u011bnuje pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zbytk\u016f v\u011brn\u00fdch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0dobrotu Valar a Il\u00favatara. Kr\u00e1lova flotila se sice k\u00a0Valinoru dost\u00e1v\u00e1, ale tam je tak\u00e9 kdesi pod zem\u00ed a mo\u0159em poh\u0159bena a\u017e do dne kone\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00fa\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jen m\u00e1lo, m\u00e1lo lid\u00ed \u2013 v\u011brn\u00fdch se v\u010das p\u0159eplavilo p\u0159es mo\u0159e na v\u00fdchod do St\u0159edozem\u011b a t\u00edm se zachr\u00e1nilo (mj. samoz\u0159ejm\u011b Aragornovi p\u0159edci). Potrestan\u00fd N\u00famenor nav\u017edy miz\u00ed v\u00a0hlubin\u00e1ch Ardy.<\/p>\n

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Dost\u00e1v\u00e1me se k\u00a0naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m tohoto sv\u011bta. Nejen \u017ee N\u00famenor miz\u00ed, ale cel\u00e1 Arda se nyn\u00ed Il\u00favatarovou moc\u00ed zakulacuje pr\u00e1v\u011b tak, aby do Valinoru ji\u017e nemohl doplout nikdo, kdo tam nem\u00e1 co d\u011blat.<\/span><\/p>\n

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A tak Valinor, a nejsp\u00ed\u0161e analogicky i Oronto, jsou vyzdvi\u017eeny z\u00a0povrchu Ardy, l\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno vy\u0148aty z\u00a0okruh\u016f sv\u011bta. Jen v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b bez\u00fahonn\u00ed elfov\u00e9 sm\u00ed nyn\u00ed nal\u00e9zt cestu p\u0159es mo\u0159e do Valinoru. Ale do odplouv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasu dost- nast\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u0159et\u00ed v\u011bk. V\u00e1lka o Prsten moci, ukut\u00fd Sauronem ji\u017e ve druh\u00e9m v\u011bku. Prsten se ztr\u00e1c\u00ed, ale st\u00e1le n\u011bkde stra\u0161\u00ed. Pokojn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fdek Hobit\u016f hospoda\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0Kraji. Lidsk\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nar\u016fstaj\u00ed a pustnou. To jsou p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, kter\u00e9, douf\u00e1m, ji\u017e v\u0161ichni dob\u0159e zn\u00e1me z\u00a0P\u00e1na Prsten\u016f. Pod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b jednou na podobu Ardy z\u00a0jej\u00edch prvopo\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f a porovnejme s\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00ed mapou \u2013 3.v\u011bkem. Zad\u00edv\u00e1te-li se pozorn\u011b, zjist\u00edte, \u017ee zas tak moc se toho vlastn\u011b nezm\u011bnilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nen\u00ed v\u0161ak divu, \u017ee jsme zmateni, pakli\u017ee na internetu naraz\u00edme na nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u010dasto kr\u00e1sn\u011b zpracovan\u00e9 mapy Ardy, kter\u00e9 ov\u0161em s\u00a0t\u011bmito maj\u00ed jen m\u00e1loco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich vznikly jako podklad r\u016fzn\u00fdch her, jin\u00e9 jsou jen nefal\u0161ovanou um\u011bleckou licenc\u00ed autor\u016f. V\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nechci ozna\u010dovat tyto sv\u00e9 mapy za kanonick\u00e9 \u2013 v\u017edy\u0165 Tolkienova vize Ardy se velmi m\u011bnila v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let. Sna\u017eila jsem se v\u0161ak porovn\u00e1vat zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 \u00fadaje s\u00a0k\u00e1nonem co nejpoctiv\u011bji, aby v\u0161e sed\u011blo.<\/p>\n

Jist\u00fdm nesrovnalostem se ale stejn\u011b nevyhneme. Tak t\u0159eba jezero Helkar, o n\u011bm\u017e jsme ostatn\u011b diskutovali s\u00a0pozorn\u00fdmi poslucha\u010di i na Tolkienconu. V\u00a0m\u00e9m obl\u00edben\u00e9m pojet\u00ed toto obrovsk\u00e9 jezero postupn\u011b vysych\u00e1, a\u017e z\u00a0n\u011bj zbude pouze jezero Rhun a snad je\u0161t\u011b mordorsk\u00fd N\u00farnen. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 v\u0161ak toto pojet\u00ed zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed vzhledem k\u00a0topografick\u00fdm omezen\u00edm a n\u011bkter\u00fdm pas\u00e1\u017e\u00edm z\u00a0k\u00e1nonu, kde se jasn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee slan\u00e9 Rhunsk\u00e9 jezero existovalo samostatn\u011b ji\u017e v\u00a01.v\u011bku. Inu, kdo n\u011bkdy \u010detl spisy Historie St\u0159edozem\u011b, ten se jist\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dil, jak se to s\u00a0k\u00e1nonem vlastn\u011b m\u00e1. M\u011b osobn\u011b se teorie vysychaj\u00edc\u00edho Helkaru velmi zamlouv\u00e1. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u00e1r \u00favah…Pokud Helkar skute\u010dn\u011b vznikl po rozt\u00e1t\u00ed stejnojmenn\u00e9ho sloupu podp\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edho Illuinskou lampu, m\u011bla by b\u00fdt jeho voda sladk\u00e1. N\u011bkdy pot\u00e9 se v\u0161ak jeho vody alespo\u0148 na ur\u010ditou dobu spojily s\u00a0mo\u0159em. Odtud mohlo jezero z\u00edskat brakick\u00fd charakter. Tak\u00e9 p\u0159i postupn\u00e9m vysych\u00e1n\u00ed se mohlo zasolit, jak to zn\u00e1me t\u0159eba u Aralsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Ani kdybychom tedy ochutnali vodu z\u00a0on\u011bch jezer, pravdy bychom se nedobrali.<\/p>\n

Bonusy:<\/strong> 1) Nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 zem\u011b Uk\u00e1zali jsme si sice, co jsou za\u010d \u201eDark land\u201c na jihu a Nejzaz\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdchod na v\u00fdchod\u011b, ale co se v\u00a0t\u011bch zem\u00edch d\u011blo doopravdy? Je o nich zn\u00e1mo velmi m\u00e1lo. V\u00fdchod byl od Slunce vyprahl\u00fd. V\u00a0poho\u0159\u00ed Hradeb Slunce se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b uprost\u0159ed m\u00e1 vyskytovat hora Kalorm\u00eb \u2013 po Taniquetilu druh\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrchol Ardy. V \u00a0nadhlavn\u00edku t\u00e9to hory se Slunce r\u00e1no zved\u00e1 na sv\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

O Temn\u00e9m ji\u017en\u00edm kontinentu Moren\u00f3r\u00eb toho v\u00edme snad je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 jej ob\u00fdvali r\u016fzn\u00ed pavouci a nestv\u016fry.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b Valar znali oba kontinenty snad jen N\u00famenorejci, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u00a0dob\u011b sl\u00e1vy sv\u00fdch lod\u00ed dostali snad \u00fapln\u011b v\u0161ude.<\/p>\n

2) Star\u00e9 mapy Lah\u016fdkou pro fajn\u0161mekry jsou tyto star\u00e9 profesorovy mapy.<\/p>\n

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Na druh\u00e9 map\u011b vid\u00edme koncept Ardy jako lodi. \u201eLitosferick\u00e9 desky\u201c tvo\u0159\u00ed jak\u00fdsi n\u00e1klad lodi, plachta p\u0159edstavuje prostor, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed kosmick\u00e1 t\u011blesa. P\u0159\u00ed\u010f lodi je z\u00e1padem, z\u00e1\u010f je v\u00fdchod. Spodek lodi tvo\u0159\u00ed \u201eVai\u201c \u2013 nejsp\u00ede obkru\u017en\u00ed mo\u0159e Vaiya (Ekkaia), o n\u011bm\u017e si pov\u00edme za okam\u017eik.<\/p>\n

3) Ambarkanta \u2013 o utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta. Nesm\u00edrn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 kapitola cel\u00e9 t\u00e9to mytologie. S\u00e1m mistr vytvo\u0159il n\u011bkolik n\u00e1kres\u016f. Ty n\u00e1m mohou p\u0159ipom\u00ednat obr\u00e1zky z\u00a0u\u010debnic geografie, zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 pr\u016f\u0159ezy Zem\u011bkoul\u00ed a vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n

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Na prvn\u00edm n\u00e1kresu spat\u0159\u00edme Ardu je\u0161t\u011b plochou, vlevo z\u00e1pad, napravo v\u00fdchod. p\u0159ed obrazovkou jih, za obrazovkou sever. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1pis AMBAR zna\u010d\u00ed jakousi litosferickou desku, jak\u00fdsi samotn\u00fd hmotn\u00fd sv\u011bt. Dole, v Martalmaru, bychom na\u0161li pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jen \u017ehav\u00e9 a roztaven\u00e9 v\u00fdv\u011bry hornin. Naho\u0159e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed jak\u00fdsi „kope\u010dek“ – to je sch\u00e9matick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed p\u00e1su st\u0159edozemsk\u00e9ho kontinentu. EAR na obou stran\u00e1ch ozna\u010duje mo\u0159e, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na obou stran\u00e1ch se z mo\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b zvedaj\u00ed pevniny – na z\u00e1pad\u011b Aman, na v\u00fdchod\u011b Oront\u00f6. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1pis VISTA zmanen\u00e1 \u0159ekn\u011bme n\u011bco jako atmosf\u00e9ra – oblast v\u00fdskytu mrak\u016f, kde se proh\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edtr a ptactvo. \u010c\u00e1rkovanou lini\u00ed je Vista odd\u011blena od ILMEN – z\u00f3ny hv\u011bzd, nebesk\u00fdch sv\u011btel. Jak vid\u00edme, Ilmen zasahuje jakoby i pod Ambar, ale jakou tam m\u00e1 podobu, se ani neodva\u017euji h\u00e1dat. Pozoruhodn\u00e9 je, \u017ee vrstvu okolo Ilmenu tvo\u0159\u00ed VAIYA ( Ekkaia), obkru\u017en\u00ed mo\u0159e. Ano, je to jako bychom nad na\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdnou oblohou m\u011bli je\u0161t\u011b oce\u00e1n. Temn\u00fd, mraziv\u00fd oce\u00e1n. Jen Vala Ulmo znal tyto vody a chodil jimi. Vn\u011b oce\u00e1nu Vaiya u\u017e je jen K\u00daMA – vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1zdno, kde skon\u010dil pora\u017een\u00fd Melkor Morgoth.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tady je druh\u00fd n\u00e1kres. Stejn\u00e1 situace, stejn\u00e1 doba, jen m\u00e1me tentok\u00e1t nalevo sever, napravo jih, p\u0159ed obrazovkou z\u00e1pad a za n\u00ed v\u00fdchod. Jak vid\u00edme, sf\u00e9ra Ilmenu je utv\u00e1\u0159ena tak, \u017ee ve v\u00fdchodoz\u00e1padn\u00ed ose je celkem mohutn\u00e1, kde\u017eto kolem severn\u00edho a ji\u017en\u00edho p\u00f3lu je vskutku tenk\u00e1. To je mimochodem pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd d\u016fvod, pro\u010d se na okraj\u00edch oce\u00e1n\u016f Ardy tvo\u0159ila ledov\u00e1 t\u0159\u00ed\u0161\u0165. Zde toti\u017e jejich vody \u00fazce souvisely s\u00a0vodami mraziv\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu Vaiya. Podle jist\u00fdch zv\u011bst\u00ed se n\u011bkomu povedlo do vod Vaiya dostat s\u00a0lod\u00ed. N\u00famenorejc\u016fm. M\u016f\u017eeme si o tom myslet sv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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Posledn\u00ed n\u00e1kres n\u00e1m d\u00e1 asi nejv\u00edc zabrat. Tady u\u017e je Arda zakulacen\u00e1. Kolem n\u00ed vid\u00edme \u00fazkou \u201esko\u0159\u00e1pku\u201c atmosf\u00e9ry Vista, pak p\u00e1s Ilmen a nakonec mohutn\u00fd oce\u00e1n Vaiya. Na rozhran\u00ed Vaiya a Ilmen le\u017e\u00ed te\u010dka s\u00a0n\u00e1pisem \u201eValmar\u201c. Zde n\u011bkde tedy skon\u010dil Valinor, vzat ve t\u0159et\u00edm v\u011bku z\u00a0okruh\u016f sv\u011bta. Co znamen\u00e1 \u201eOld land\u201c a \u201eNew land\u201c a jak je zde Arda orientovan\u00e1, nem\u00e1m nejmen\u0161\u00ed tu\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud v\u00e1m st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b nevybuchla hlava, m\u016f\u017eete si otev\u0159\u00edt odkaz na Tolkien Gateway a proj\u00edt si v\u0161echny dostupn\u00e9 mapy a n\u00e1kresy Ardy. Dr\u017e\u00edm v\u00e1m palce a douf\u00e1m, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nek alespo\u0148 tro\u0161ku n\u011bkomu pom\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0odpov\u011bd\u00edch na ot\u00e1zky.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Geografie kontinent\u016f Ardy – \u0160\u00e1rka \u0160korp\u00edkov\u00e1 Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je souhrnem stejnojmenn\u00e9 prezentace z\u00a0lednov\u00e9ho Tolkienconu 2017. Nech\u0165 je pom\u016fckou v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli v\u017edy v\u011bd\u011bt, co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za okraji mapy onoho zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho v\u00fdseku St\u0159edozem\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00a0hlubin\u00e1ch internetu nalezli nejr\u016fzn\u011bji zpracovan\u00e9, av\u0161ak navz\u00e1jem si neodpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed mapy sv\u011bta J.R.R. Tolkiena. Nebudeme se podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdvat p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy […]<\/p>\n

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