{"id":528,"date":"2009-06-15T17:27:23","date_gmt":"2009-06-15T16:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?page_id=528"},"modified":"2016-08-18T14:10:18","modified_gmt":"2016-08-18T13:10:18","slug":"jrrtolkienxxx","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?page_id=528","title":{"rendered":"J.R.R.TOLKIEN"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00cdLO: P\u00e1n prsten\u016f – D\u011bj N\u00e1vratu kr\u00e1le<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed u Helmova \u017elebu Pipin s Gandalfem putuj\u00ed do Minas Tirith, hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Gondoru, kde se chystaj\u00ed s vojskem na V\u00e1lku proti Nep\u0159\u00edteli. Jednoho obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u010dern\u00e9ho dne se pl\u00e1\u0148 p\u0159ed m\u011bstem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 plnit obrovsk\u00fdm vojskem sk\u0159et\u016f, obr\u016f, vrrk\u016f a olifant\u016f. Ti ocelov\u00fdm beranidlem rozb\u00edj\u00ed br\u00e1nu, kdy\u017e vtom p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed na pomoc Rohan\u00e9. Strhuje se k obrovsk\u00e9 bitv\u011b, kterou Sauron prohr\u00e1v\u00e1. V\u00e1lka v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b neskon\u010dila. Frodo se Samem se zat\u00edm dostali ze zajet\u00ed sk\u0159et\u016f a vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed se d\u00e1l k Orodruin\u011b. Po dlouh\u00e9 cest\u011b se na ni kone\u010dn\u011b vy\u0161plhaj\u00ed a ocitaj\u00ed se u Pukliny osudu. Najednou Froda ovl\u00e1dne moc prstenu, kter\u00e1 se v Mordoru zn\u00e1sobila a odm\u00edtne ho zni\u010dit. Vtom se objevuje Glum a v touze z\u00edskat zp\u011bt sv\u016fj prsten, ukousne Frodovi prst na kter\u00e9m je Prsten moci pohodln\u011b usazen. V z\u00e1chvatu radosti v\u0161ak ned\u00e1v\u00e1 pozor a pad\u00e1 i s prstenem do Pukliny osudu – PRSTEN JE ZNI\u010cEN! N\u00e1hle moc Temn\u00e9ho p\u00e1na pom\u00edj\u00ed, jeho vojska se stahuj\u00ed a v\u00e1lka kon\u010d\u00ed. K Orrodruin\u011b p\u0159il\u00e9taj\u00ed orli a na Gandalf\u016fv p\u0159\u00edkaz popadaj\u00ed Sama a Froda a odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed je do bezpe\u010d\u00ed. Vl\u00e1dy Gondoru se uj\u00edm\u00e1 Aragorn, kter\u00fd si bere Arwen Und\u00f3miel za \u017eenu. Hobiti se se sl\u00e1vou vracej\u00ed do Kraje a vyh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed z Kraje zl\u00e9 sk\u0159ety a Sarumana. A v Kraji zase nast\u00e1v\u00e1 poklidn\u00fd \u017eivot. Sam se \u017een\u00ed s R\u016f\u017eenou Chaloupkovou a maj\u00ed spolu t\u0159in\u00e1ct d\u011bt\u00ed. Zanedlouho se Frodo vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 do Roklinky za Bilbem, aby spolu odpluli za Mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n

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\nD\u00cdLO: P\u00e1n prsten\u016f – Ohlas knihy<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Tolkien\u016fv P\u00e1n prsten\u016f si z\u00e1hy po sv\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00edskal obrovskou popularitu. Tolkien byl pasov\u00e1n kr\u00e1lem fantasy literatury a jeho d\u00edlo se u\u017e za jeho \u017eivota stalo p\u0159edm\u011btem kultu. Jeho knih\u00e1m podl\u00e9haly st\u00e1le dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed generace. U\u017e v radik\u00e1ln\u00edch 60. letech se kniha P\u00e1n prsten\u016f stala jakousi bibl\u00ed mlad\u00e9 generace. V Lond\u00fdn\u011b se za\u010daly zakl\u00e1dat kluby s n\u00e1zvy jako St\u0159edozem, na plak\u00e1tech se objevovalo jm\u00e9no hudebn\u00ed skupiny Hobiti, hudebn\u00ed nakladatelstv\u00ed neslo n\u00e1zev Gandalf. Jm\u00e9na Tolkienov\u00fdch postavi\u010dek ve\u0161la do b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho slovn\u00edku mlad\u00e9 generace; heslem vysoko\u0161kol\u00e1k\u016f se stal v\u00fdk\u0159ik: Frodo \u017eije! Na sv\u011bt\u011b vznikly des\u00edtky tolkienovsk\u00fdch klub\u016f, jejich\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 si obl\u00e9kaj\u00ed hobit\u00ed kost\u00fdmy a po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed hobit\u00ed d\u00fdch\u00e1nky, na kter\u00fdch se navz\u00e1jem trumfuj\u00ed ve znalostech nesm\u00edrn\u011b ko\u0161at\u00e9 faktografie fantasy sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd Tolkien vytvo\u0159il a p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed se v citac\u00edch zbo\u017e\u0148ovan\u00e9ho profesora. Kniha byla p\u0159elo\u017eena do mnoha sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f a v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed se j\u00ed prodalo na sv\u011bt\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 milion\u016f v\u00fdtisk\u016f. V roce 1997 zvolili Britov\u00e9 P\u00e1na prsten\u016f za nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed knihu sv\u00e9 monarchie v cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 historii. Pot\u00e9, co padla \u017eelezn\u00e1 opona, nastal „tolkienovsk\u00fd boom“ i u n\u00e1s. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je popularita P\u00e1na prsten\u016f je\u0161t\u011b pos\u00edlena stejnojmenn\u00fdm filmem.
\nNab\u00edz\u00ed se ot\u00e1zka, pro\u010d m\u011bl fantastick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o putov\u00e1n\u00ed hobit\u016f St\u0159edozem\u00ed takov\u00fd \u010dten\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch? Pro\u010d pr\u00e1v\u011b toto d\u00edlo ovlivnilo tolik generac\u00ed \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f a pro\u010d se zrovna ono stalo p\u0159edm\u011btem kultu? Co zp\u016fsobilo jeho nezm\u011brnou popularitu? Jak mohl n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobit punti\u010dk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd akademik, kter\u00fd pro\u017eil tak oby\u010dejn\u00fd a nevzru\u0161iv\u00fd \u017eivot? Naj\u00edt na tyto ot\u00e1zky jednozna\u010dnou odpov\u011b\u010f nen\u00ed nijak jednoduch\u00e9. Prvn\u00ed vlna popularity p\u0159i\u0161la v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech, v obdob\u00ed, kdy se v anglosask\u00fdch zem\u00edch a pozd\u011bji t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v cel\u00e9m z\u00e1padn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b za\u010daly zpochyb\u0148ovat ide\u00e1ly hmotn\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu a konzumn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Mlad\u00e1 generace se ztoto\u017e\u0148ovala s nehrdinsk\u00fdm hrdinou Frodem a v Hobit\u00edn\u011b spat\u0159ovala nezka\u017een\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed r\u00e1j vzd\u00e1len\u00fd od ruchu modern\u00ed civilizace. Tolkienovy knihy z\u0159ejm\u011b nab\u00eddly \u010dlov\u011bku dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed to, co postr\u00e1dal. Po dob\u011b, kdy zu\u0159ily modernistick\u00e9 experimenty, nab\u00eddly P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, tradi\u010dn\u011b napsan\u00fd, dob\u0159e vystav\u011bn\u00fd, siln\u00fd a srozumiteln\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed lhostejn\u00fd k dobru a zlu. <\/a>P\u00e1n prsten\u016f je skv\u011bl\u00e9 epick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, mistrn\u011b gradovan\u00e9 a dokonale vyvrcholen\u00e9, jednotliv\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed roviny do sebe skv\u011ble zapadaj\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je velmi r\u016fznorod\u00fd a st\u00e1le vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed, \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 tou\u017e\u00ed dozv\u011bd\u011bt se, jak to bude d\u00e1l; je nutno smeknout klobouk p\u0159ed autorovou imagi\u010dnost\u00ed p\u0159i vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed nov\u00fdch epizod. Tolkien mlad\u00fdm lidem nav\u00edc nab\u00eddl jist\u00e9 uklidn\u011bn\u00ed a \u00fanik do kouzeln\u00e9ho, p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e9ho, zcela nov\u011b vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, v n\u011bm\u017e d\u00edky neoby\u010dejn\u00e9 fantazii a hravosti nen\u00e1padn\u011b pronik\u00e1 k modern\u00edmu \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed odv\u011bk\u00e9ho boje protikladn\u00fdch sil, dobra a zla. Tolkien ve sv\u00e9 eseji O poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch p\u0159izn\u00e1val, \u017ee poh\u00e1dky mohou lidem n\u011bkdy slou\u017eit jako \u00fanik; ale jedn\u00edm dechem dod\u00e1val, \u017ee nevid\u00ed d\u016fvod, pro\u010d by \u010dlov\u011bk nem\u011bl hledat \u00fanik ze sv\u011bta v\u00e1lek a mechanizace.
\nTolkien\u016fv sv\u011bt byl sice vymy\u0161len\u00fd, ale nebyl zcela vzd\u00e1len\u00fd od lidsk\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti. Tento nov\u00fd sv\u011bt je vlastn\u011b sv\u011btem velmi star\u00fdm. V jeho pozad\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00edme germ\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a seversk\u00e9 m\u00fdty a k\u0159es\u0165anskou mor\u00e1lku. Autor v mnoh\u00e9m \u010derp\u00e1 ze seversk\u00fdch, keltsk\u00fdch a germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdch legend, ale na rozd\u00edl od nich m\u00e1 jasn\u00fd, k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fd n\u00e1hled na dobro a zlo. Tolkien cht\u011bl, aby jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy vyjad\u0159ovaly jeho vlastn\u00ed mor\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1hled na vesm\u00edr. Doufal, \u017ee P\u00e1n prsten\u016f je stejn\u011b jako legendy, m\u00fdty a evangelia utk\u00e1n z \u201epravd\u201c, kter\u00e9 byly objeveny p\u0159ed d\u00e1vn\u00fdmi \u010dasy a znovu se ve sv\u011bt\u011b \u201eobjevuj\u00ed\u201c. Tolkien nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee p\u0159esn\u011b takov\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, jak\u00e9 popisoval – elfov\u00e9, trpasl\u00edci, sk\u0159eti – chodili kdysi po zemi a konali \u010diny, je\u017e zaznamen\u00e1val. Sp\u00ed\u0161e doufal, \u017ee jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy jsou v ur\u010dit\u00e9m smyslu zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm hlubok\u00e9 pravdy – vnit\u0159n\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 se \u010dlov\u011bku zjevuje v z\u00e1blesc\u00edch. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto z\u00e1blesky pravdy v \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i evokuje literatura a mytologie, tak\u017ee na n\u011bj hluboce p\u016fsob\u00ed a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 v n\u011bm emoce.<\/p>\n

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D\u00cdLO: P\u00e1n prsten\u016f – D\u011bj N\u00e1vratu kr\u00e1le zp\u011bt na obsah Po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed u Helmova \u017elebu Pipin s Gandalfem putuj\u00ed do Minas Tirith, hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Gondoru, kde se chystaj\u00ed s vojskem na V\u00e1lku proti Nep\u0159\u00edteli. Jednoho obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u010dern\u00e9ho dne se pl\u00e1\u0148 p\u0159ed m\u011bstem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 plnit obrovsk\u00fdm vojskem sk\u0159et\u016f, obr\u016f, vrrk\u016f a olifant\u016f. Ti ocelov\u00fdm beranidlem rozb\u00edj\u00ed […]<\/p>\n

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