{"id":525,"date":"2009-06-15T14:10:18","date_gmt":"2009-06-15T13:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?page_id=525"},"modified":"2016-08-18T14:05:02","modified_gmt":"2016-08-18T13:05:02","slug":"jrrtolkien-x","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?page_id=525","title":{"rendered":"J.R.R.TOLKIEN"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017dIVOT – Tolkien spisovatelem<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Jednoho dne, kdy\u017e byl Tolkien zam\u011bstn\u00e1n na \u00fanavn\u00e9m \u00fakolu opravov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f p\u00edsemn\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek, zjistil, \u017ee jeden uchaze\u010d nechal jednu str\u00e1nku odpov\u011bdn\u00edho se\u0161itu pr\u00e1zdnou. Na tuto str\u00e1nku, inspirov\u00e1n kdov\u00ed \u010d\u00edm, napsal: \u201eV jist\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed no\u0159e bydlel jeden hobit.\u201c V typicky tolkienovsk\u00e9m stylu se rozhodl, \u017ee je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zjistit, co to hobit je, v jak\u00e9m druhu nory \u017eije, pro\u010d v n\u00ed \u017eije, atd. Z tohoto \u201evy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c pak vyrostl p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd na pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed vypravoval sv\u00fdm d\u011btem, za dlouh\u00fdch zimn\u00edch ve\u010der\u016f. Nedokon\u010den\u00fd rukopis se dostal do rukou Suzan Dagnallov\u00e9, jeho studentce a zam\u011bstnankyni nakladatelstv\u00ed Allen & Unwin. Suzan po\u017e\u00e1dala Tolkiena o dokon\u010den\u00ed a p\u0159edstavila kompletn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Stanley Unwinovi, \u0159editeli nakladatelstv\u00ed. Ten nechal p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst sv\u00e9mu des\u00edtilet\u00e9mu synovi Raynerovi, kter\u00fd o n\u011bm napsal nad\u0161enou zpr\u00e1vu a tak byl p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh roku 1937 publikov\u00e1n jako Hobit. Ihned si dobyl velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch, a nakladatel se t\u00e1zal Tolkiena, zda by nem\u011bl v\u00edce materi\u00e1lu vhodn\u00e9ho k publikov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tolkien tedy za\u010dal znovu pracovat na sv\u00fdch Ztracen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch, aby je dostal do p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho stavu, a jak s\u00e1m p\u0159iznal, mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z nich si na\u0161la cestu u\u017e do Hobita. N\u011bkter\u00e9 dokon\u010den\u00e9 legend\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy nab\u00eddl nakladatelstv\u00ed, ale tam usoudili, \u017ee nejsou komer\u010dn\u011b uve\u0159ejniteln\u00e9. Tolkien byl zklam\u00e1n, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 souhlasil, \u017ee nap\u00ed\u0161e pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Hobita.
\nPokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed se brzy rozrostlo v n\u011bco mnohem v\u00edc, ne\u017e jen d\u011btsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Sv\u00e9 st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed d\u00edlo, P\u00e1na prsten\u016f, Tolkien psal, p\u0159episoval a upravoval po cel\u00fdch 16 let, a\u017e dos\u00e1hl rozsahu kolem 1000 stran. Dosp\u011bl\u00fd Rayner Unwin dok\u00e1zal velkolep\u011b jednat s nedobytn\u00fdm a n\u00e1ladov\u00fdm autorem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00ed sl\u00edben\u00e9ho d\u00edla donekone\u010dna odkl\u00e1dal a po jeho dokon\u010den\u00ed dokonce nab\u00eddl celou pr\u00e1ci komer\u010dn\u00edmu soupe\u0159i (kter\u00fd rychle ustoupil, kdy\u017e se rozsah a povaha pr\u00e1ce staly zjevn\u00fdmi). D\u00edky Rayneru Unwinovi byl cel\u00fd opus nakonec opravdu publikov\u00e1n. Firma se rozhodla p\u0159ivodit si pravd\u011bpodobnou ztr\u00e1tu 1000 liber a d\u00edlo o t\u0159ech d\u00edlech uve\u0159ejnila. Krach se v\u0161ak nekonal.<\/p>\n

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\n\u017dIVOT – \u00dasp\u011bch (a st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed)<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

P\u00e1n prsten\u016f si rychle na\u0161el sv\u00e9 nad\u0161en\u00e9 \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e a Tolkien se k vlastn\u00edmu bezb\u0159eh\u00e9mu p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed stal velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00edm. Opravdu \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd okam\u017eik nastal, kdy\u017e P\u00e1n prsten\u016f vy\u0161el v Americe v pir\u00e1tsk\u00e9 bro\u017eovan\u00e9 edici roku 1965. Za prv\u00e9 se t\u00edm kniha dostala do kategorie impulsivn\u00edho n\u00e1kupu a za druh\u00e9 se p\u0159itom Tolkienovi povedl husarsk\u00fd kousek. Uve\u0159ejnil v tisku dopis, ve kter\u00e9m \u017e\u00e1dal \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e, aby si pir\u00e1tskou kopii nekupovali a po\u010dkali na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed vyd\u00e1n\u00ed; v t\u00e9 dob\u011b byl ji\u017e natolik popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, \u017ee fanou\u0161ci jeho p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed respektovali. Spor o autorsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va nav\u00edc na existenci knihy upozornil mili\u00f3ny dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f v Americe.
\nKniha se vbrzku stala proslulou a pro mnoho fanou\u0161k\u016f kultovn\u00ed. Tolkien se stal legendou za sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Tento v\u00fdvoj vyvolal v autorovi sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 pocity. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b mu opravdu lichotil – nev\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee by tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a neobvykl\u00e1 kniha, psan\u00e1 pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed, mohla oslovit tak \u0161irok\u00e9 publikum – a k jeho \u00fa\u017easu mu p\u0159inesl i zna\u010dn\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b litoval d\u011bti 60.let, kter\u00e9 jeho p\u0159edstavu velk\u00e9 cesty konzumovali spole\u010dn\u011b s LSD. Fanou\u0161ci mu nav\u00edc zp\u016fsobovali mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f; jak ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zeli okukovat jeho d\u016fm, tak ti, obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z Kalifornie, kte\u0159\u00ed telefonovali v 7 hodin odpoledne (jejich \u010dasu – 3 hodiny r\u00e1no jeho) a po\u017eadovali odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky, zda Frodo usp\u011bje ve sv\u00e9m posl\u00e1n\u00ed, zda m\u011bli balrogov\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddla apod. Zm\u011bnil tedy adresu, telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo dal odstranit z telefonn\u00edho seznamu a nakonec se i s Edith p\u0159esunul do p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9ho, ale neinspiruj\u00edc\u00edho letoviska na ji\u017en\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, zn\u00e1m\u00e9m zna\u010dn\u00fdm po\u010dtem postar\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1mo\u017en\u00fdch rezident\u016f. Roku 1971 Edith zem\u0159ela a Tolkien se brzy vr\u00e1til do Oxfordu, kde do\u017eil s\u00e1m v byt\u011b poskytnut\u00e9m jednou z univerzitn\u00edch kolej\u00ed. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien zem\u0159el 2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1973 ve m\u011bst\u011b Bournemouth v Anglii, ve v\u011bku 81 let.<\/p>\n

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\u017dIVOT – Tolkien spisovatelem zp\u011bt na obsah Jednoho dne, kdy\u017e byl Tolkien zam\u011bstn\u00e1n na \u00fanavn\u00e9m \u00fakolu opravov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f p\u00edsemn\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek, zjistil, \u017ee jeden uchaze\u010d nechal jednu str\u00e1nku odpov\u011bdn\u00edho se\u0161itu pr\u00e1zdnou. Na tuto str\u00e1nku, inspirov\u00e1n kdov\u00ed \u010d\u00edm, napsal: \u201eV jist\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed no\u0159e bydlel jeden hobit.\u201c V typicky tolkienovsk\u00e9m stylu se rozhodl, \u017ee je pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zjistit, co […]<\/p>\n

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