{"id":518,"date":"2009-06-11T21:39:18","date_gmt":"2009-06-11T20:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?page_id=518"},"modified":"2016-08-18T14:12:03","modified_gmt":"2016-08-18T13:12:03","slug":"jrrtolkien-film","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?page_id=518","title":{"rendered":"J.R.R.TOLKIEN"},"content":{"rendered":"

FILM – Filmov\u00e9 osudy P\u00e1na prsten\u016f<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdom\u00edme, jak\u00e1 je povaha a rozsah Tolkienova P\u00e1na prsten\u016f, je n\u00e1m jasn\u00e9, \u017ee snaha o jeho zfilmov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u00fakol t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nadlidsk\u00fd. Imagin\u00e1rn\u00ed kouzeln\u00fd sv\u011bt St\u0159edozem\u011b, des\u00edtky postav v\u010detn\u011b hobit\u016f, elf\u016f, trpasl\u00edk\u016f, sk\u0159et\u016f a jin\u00fdch neobvykl\u00fdch tvor\u016f, spletit\u00fd epizodick\u00fd d\u011bj na 1000 strank\u00e1ch – to p\u0159edstavuje pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho filma\u0159e tvrd\u00fd o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek. Nav\u00edc je t\u0159eba po\u010d\u00edtat s \u0161irokou obc\u00ed skaln\u00edch fanou\u0161k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e samotn\u00fd pokus o zfilmov\u00e1n\u00ed kultovn\u00ed s\u00e1gy berou jako svatokr\u00e1de\u017e a jsou hyperkriti\u010dt\u00ed ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu detailu, kter\u00fd Profesor pojal jinak, nebo kter\u00fd si oni sami p\u0159edstavovali jinak. Nen\u00ed tud\u00ed\u017e tak p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9, \u017ee prvn\u00ed seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pokus o zfilmov\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1na prsten\u016f p\u0159i\u0161el a\u017e v roce 2001, p\u0159es t\u0159icet let po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed knihy. A to je\u0161t\u011b k nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nedo\u0161lo.
\nTolkien filma\u0159e a Hollywood nem\u011bl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v l\u00e1sce, v\u0161ichni mu p\u0159ipadali jako vyd\u0159idu\u0161i a nejv\u00edce se d\u011bsil toho, \u017ee by z jeho knih nad\u011blali animovan\u00e9 disneyovky. V jednom z dopis\u016f synovi Christopherovi napsal, \u017ee p\u0159i \u00favah\u00e1ch o prodeji filmov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v se bude muset rozhodnout, zda zvol\u00ed cestu um\u011bn\u00ed nebo hotovosti a \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 z existuj\u00edc\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed nenab\u00edz\u00ed ani jedno a tud\u00ed\u017e se rozhoduje filmov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va neprodat.
\nAle n\u00e1hl\u00e1 popularita jeho knih ho katapultovala do nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 kategorie, co\u017e v Brit\u00e1nii znamenalo odevzdat 95 procent sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f do st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladny. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b ho oslovil slavn\u00fd nez\u00e1visl\u00fd filma\u0159 Saul Zaentz, a nab\u00eddl mu za pr\u00e1va na P\u00e1na prsten\u016f 10 000 liber. Proti v\u016fli sv\u00e9ho syna Christophera profesor v nesn\u00e1z\u00edch prod\u00e1v\u00e1 svou du\u0161i hollywoodsk\u00e9mu \u010f\u00e1blu.
\nRe\u017eis\u00e9r Ralph Bakshi nato\u010dil pro Saula Zaentze prvn\u00ed d\u00edl animovan\u00e9 verze knihy, ale jeho podivn\u00fd hybrid mezi experiment\u00e1ln\u00edm filmem a disneyovkou v kinech propadl tak zoufale, \u017ee se Zaentz rozhodl druh\u00fd d\u00edl v\u016fbec nenato\u010dit. P\u00e1n prsten\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 v Hollywoodu punc nezfilmovateln\u00e9ho d\u00edla a cestu k n\u011bmu nav\u00edc blokuj\u00ed nehor\u00e1zn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky Saula Zaentze. \u201e\u010cekal jsem, a\u017e p\u0159ijde n\u011bjak\u00e9 velk\u00e9 studio s velk\u00fdm re\u017eis\u00e9rem a realisticky velk\u00fdm rozpo\u010dtem,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Zaentz.
\nO velk\u00e9 re\u017eis\u00e9ry nebyla nouze. Do fronty tv\u016frc\u016f, zaj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edch se o tuto l\u00e1tku, se za\u0159adili ti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch. Vedle Stevena Spielberga zde stoj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed re\u017eis\u00e9r Gladi\u00e1tora Ridley Scott, John Boorman po ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m pokusu o P\u00e1na prsten\u016f nato\u010dil aspo\u0148 Excalibur. S my\u0161lenkou zfilmovat P\u00e1na prsten\u016f si pohr\u00e1val tak\u00e9 tv\u016frce Hv\u011bzdn\u00fdch v\u00e1lek George Lucas \u010di mnohooscarov\u00fd Francis Ford Coppola.<\/p>\n

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\n<\/a>
\nFILM – Peter Jackson na sc\u00e9n\u011b<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Ze v\u0161ech re\u017eis\u00e9r\u016f sv\u011bta byl Peter Jackson z\u0159ejm\u011b t\u00edm posledn\u00edm, kdo by mohl pom\u00fd\u0161let na zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed Tolkienovy epopeje. Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd re\u017eis\u00e9r z Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu nato\u010dil pouze n\u011bkolik mal\u00fdch a hodn\u011b divn\u00fdch film\u016f – dva bizarn\u00ed b\u00e9\u010dkov\u00e9 horory s v\u00fdmluvn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy Vesm\u00edrn\u00ed kanibalov\u00e9 a \u017div\u00ed mrtv\u00ed a jeden \u201enorm\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c film o dvou lesbick\u00fdch d\u00edvk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 zavra\u017ed\u00ed matku jedn\u00e9 z nich. Kdyby se Tolkien dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b tento \u010dlov\u011bk bude to\u010dit jeho celo\u017eivotn\u00ed d\u00edlo, nejsp\u00ed\u0161 by jej trefil \u0161lak.
\nAle P\u00e1n prsten\u016f p\u0159ece vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o tom, \u017ee nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrdinov\u00e9 n\u011bkdy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed ti mal\u00ed, od nich\u017e se to nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dek\u00e1. T\u00edm jedin\u00fdm, kdo je schopen zachr\u00e1nit St\u0159edozemi a zvl\u00e1dnout nesplniteln\u00fd \u00fakol, je mal\u00fd, sympatick\u00fd baculat\u00fd hobit Frodo Pytl\u00edk. A hrdinou na\u0161eho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu je zase sympatick\u00fd a baculat\u00fd Peter Jackson, kter\u00fd dorostl do v\u00fd\u0161ky 171 centimetr\u016f a prohla\u0161uje se za hobita.
\nNad\u0161en\u00fd Tolkien\u016fv fanou\u0161ek Jackson z\u00edskal od Zaentze filmov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va v\u00fdm\u011bnou za pen\u00edze na dokon\u010den\u00ed Zaentzova Anglick\u00e9ho pacienta, kter\u00fd se ocitl v finan\u010dn\u00edch nesn\u00e1z\u00edch. Hned se v\u0161ak proti n\u011bmu postavila mocn\u00e1 skupina podporovan\u00e1 Spielbergem, Lucasem a dokonce Christopherem Tolkienem, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla dost pen\u011bz a ILM, nejlep\u0161\u00ed firmu na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed efekty. Peter Jackson se v\u0161ak nevzdal; mal\u00e9 studio New Line Cinema se s n\u00edm rozhodlo v\u00e9st v\u00e1lku proti velk\u00fdm. Dalo dohromady v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky a vrhlo se do obrovsk\u00e9ho projektu. \u201ePokud by se film nepovedl nebo nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161ilo, m\u011blo by to pro n\u00e1s fat\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky. N\u00e1\u0161 osud byl v Peterov\u00fdch rukou,\u201c p\u0159iznal pozd\u011bji \u0161\u00e9f New Line Cinema. Tehdy studio v\u0161ichni odepsali a potichu se za\u010dalo p\u0159ipravovat slou\u010den\u00ed spole\u010dnosti s Warner Brothers.<\/p>\n

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\n<\/a>
\nFILM – Nat\u00e1\u010dec\u00ed maraton<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a>
\n<\/br>
\nJen\u017ee krach se nekonal. N\u00e1sledoval v\u00fdkon, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch filmu obdoby. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed film, kter\u00fd v Hollywoodu vznikl, tak nakonec nen\u00ed obvykl\u00fdm produktem chladn\u00fdch kalkulac\u00ed a marketingov\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Ale d\u00edlem l\u00e1sky k fantasy a nad\u0161en\u00ed.
\nJacksonovi se poda\u0159il husarsk\u00fd kousek – rozhodl se nato\u010dit v\u0161echny t\u0159i d\u00edly knihy (a tud\u00ed\u017e zrealizovat t\u0159i filmy) najednou. Jednak proto, aby u\u0161et\u0159il pen\u00edze a tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee mu p\u0159i\u0161lo nespravedliv\u00e9, aby div\u00e1ci \u0161li do kina s t\u00edm, \u017ee mo\u017en\u00e1 nikdy neuvid\u00ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed popul\u00e1rn\u00ed s\u00e1gy. \u201eM\u011bl jsem pocit, \u017ee v\u0161echny t\u0159i d\u00edly P\u00e1na prsten\u016f vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby vznikaly spole\u010dn\u011b. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z jejich epick\u00e9 podstaty,\u201c \u0159ekl. Realizace st\u00e1la Jacksona i s p\u0159\u00edpravami sedm let \u017eivota, kter\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eil snad jen d\u00edky vlastnostem typick\u00fdm pro hobity – hou\u017eevnatost\u00ed, vytrvalosti a nutnost\u00ed m\u00edt v\u0161echny probl\u00e9my hezky vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9. Nav\u00edc m\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u00fd talent to\u010dit filmy, kter\u00e9 vypadaj\u00ed v\u00fdpravn\u011bji, ne\u017e by odpov\u00eddalo jejich rozpo\u010dtu. Spole\u010dnost New Line Cinema sice vlo\u017eila do Jacksonov\u00fdch rukou astronomick\u00fdch 190 milion\u016f dolar\u016f, ov\u0161em kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdom\u00edme povahu d\u00edla a fakt, \u017ee za n\u011b Jackson nato\u010dil cel\u00e9 t\u0159i dlouh\u00e9 filmy, nen\u00ed to zase tak mnoho. Jeho rodn\u00fd Nov\u00fd Z\u00e9land mu poskytl lacin\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro realizaci a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed kulisy, kter\u00e9 by v Hollywoodu musel vyr\u00e1b\u011bt po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. M\u011bl tak k dispozici neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b r\u016fznorod\u00e9 scen\u00e9rie (samoz\u0159ejm\u011b za vydatn\u00e9 pomoci trika\u0159\u016f), od poh\u00e1dkov\u00fdch luk p\u0159es nekone\u010dn\u00e1 jezera po zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e1 poho\u0159\u00ed a tak uvid\u00edme \u201eskute\u010dn\u00fd\u201c Hobit\u00edn \u010di Mordor : \u201eV\u00e1\u017en\u011b jsme to v\u0161echno na\u0161li. Vypad\u00e1 to, jako by pan Tolkien psal svou trilogii kdysi u n\u00e1s na pr\u00e1zdnin\u00e1ch,\u201c vyj\u00e1d\u0159il se re\u017eis\u00e9r. A d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina \u0161t\u00e1bu byli Novoz\u00e9lan\u010fan\u00e9, u\u0161et\u0159il i na mzd\u00e1ch.
\nNa Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu zorganizoval Peter Jackson patn\u00e1ctim\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed nat\u00e1\u010dec\u00ed maraton, b\u011bhem n\u011bho\u017e nato\u010dil materi\u00e1l na v\u0161echny t\u0159i d\u00edly trilogie, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stal z\u0159ejm\u011b nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm filma\u0159em sou\u010dasnosti. Pro nato\u010den\u00ed cel\u00e9 trilogie bylo pou\u017eito celkem 100 r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e t\u00fdm pod veden\u00edm re\u017eis\u00e9ra Jacksona vyst\u0159\u00eddal celkem 350 nat\u00e1\u010dec\u00edch m\u00edst, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e1 byla v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bkolik m\u011bstsk\u00fdch blok\u016f. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed tak producenti ke komunikaci pou\u017e\u00edvali satelitn\u00ed telefony. Jackson nejednou \u0159\u00eddil p\u011bt \u0161t\u00e1b\u016f na p\u011bti m\u00edstech pomoc\u00ed telekonference. Krom toho bylo ka\u017ed\u00fd den vyu\u017eito slu\u017eeb minim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u011bti vrtuln\u00edk\u016f, tis\u00edce zbran\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch podstatn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bohat\u00e9ho \u017eivota St\u0159edozem\u011b. Herci a kompars byli nap\u0159\u00edklad od\u011bn\u00ed do celkem 15 tis\u00edc r\u016fzn\u00fdch kost\u00fdm\u016f a bylo pou\u017eito na 50 000 jin\u00fdch rekvizit, v\u010detn\u011b um\u011bl\u00fdch chlupat\u00fdch hobit\u00edch nohou \u010di \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fdch elf\u00edch u\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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\n<\/a>
\nFILM – Vznik fantastick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Pro film bylo nutn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it fantastick\u00fd sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd nikdo nikdy nevid\u011bl, o kter\u00e9m m\u00e1 v\u0161ak mnoho fanou\u0161k\u016f sv\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy. Aby toho bylo dosa\u017eeno, byli k projektu p\u0159izv\u00e1ni ti nejpovolan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed: nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ilustr\u00e1to\u0159i Tolkienov\u00fdch knih, John Howe a Alan Lee. Filma\u0159i s nimi konzultovali v\u00fdtvarnou str\u00e1nku filmu; mnoh\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny byly dokonce vytvo\u0159eny jako co nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kopie popul\u00e1rn\u00edch ilustrac\u00ed. Bylo nutno naj\u00edt kouzeln\u00fd zlat\u00fd les a postavit kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta. Filma\u0159i vysu\u0161ili ba\u017einu a na jej\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b postavili hobit\u00ed nory; jindy vytvo\u0159ili m\u011bsto na ho\u0159e, na n\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159\u00edstup jedin\u011b helikopt\u00e9rou. Hobit\u00edn bylo nutno za\u010d\u00edt p\u0159ipravovat asi rok p\u0159ed nat\u00e1\u010den\u00edm, aby tr\u00e1va a rostliny mohly vyr\u016fst a aby pak v\u0161echno vypadalo p\u0159irozen\u011b. Na stromy bylo p\u0159ilepeno na 250 000 um\u011bl\u00fdch dubov\u00fdch list\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly jednotliv\u011b p\u0159ipevn\u011bny na prav\u00e9 stromy, kter\u00e9 tak vypadaly pln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.
\nNa filmu pracovalo mnoho zaujat\u00fdch a nad\u0161en\u00fdch fanou\u0161k\u016f Tolkienova d\u00edla (v\u010detn\u011b samotn\u00e9ho re\u017eis\u00e9ra), pro n\u011b\u017e byla kniha bibl\u00ed a kte\u0159\u00ed v n\u00ed neust\u00e1le listovali a hledali p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee, aby nedo\u0161lo k odch\u00fdlen\u00ed od Tolkienov\u00fdch p\u0159edstav. \u201eNeust\u00e1le jsme se odkazovali na knihu, nejen p\u0159i psan\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e, ale i p\u0159i vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b filmu,\u201c tvrd\u00ed Jackson. \u201eP\u0159ed ka\u017edou nato\u010denou sc\u00e9nou jsem si p\u0159e\u010detl p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou \u010d\u00e1st v knize, stejn\u011b jako herci.\u201c Tak nap\u0159\u00edklad bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u0159eto\u010dit n\u011bkolik sc\u00e9n, proto\u017ee v nich Gandalfovi chyb\u011bla st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 \u0161\u00e1la. New Line Cinema zam\u011bstnalo odborn\u00edky na v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 i nemo\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bci – jedni se sna\u017eili vytvo\u0159it krou\u017ekov\u00e1 brn\u011bn\u00ed co nejv\u011brn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed popisu v knize, dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli, jak p\u0159im\u011bt \u017e\u00ed\u017ealy, aby prchaly p\u0159ed Prstenov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edzraky, co\u017e m\u011blo ilustrovat, jak se v\u0161e \u017eiv\u00e9 d\u011bs\u00ed nemrtv\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 u\u010dili herce jezdit na koni, jin\u00ed je u\u010dili bojovat nebo je seznamovali se z\u00e1klady elfsk\u00e9 gramatiky. \u0160t\u00e1b vytvo\u0159il na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9land\u011b jakousi komunitu. V\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed – od st\u0159i\u017eny a\u017e po mask\u00e9rnu – byla na dosah, a mohl tam ka\u017ed\u00fd. P\u0159es 300 \u010dlen\u016f \u0161t\u00e1bu, n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek herc\u016f a tis\u00edce komparsist\u016f se prom\u011bnilo v jak\u00e9si ko\u010dovn\u00e9 bratrstvo, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 zap\u00e1len\u00fdm re\u017eis\u00e9rem. \u201ePeter byl jako mal\u00fd kluk v cukr\u00e1rn\u011b,\u201c vzpom\u00edn\u00e1 jeden z herc\u016f. \u201eVymyslel si n\u011bjakou sc\u00e9nu a byl z n\u00ed nad\u0161en\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b p\u016fl dne!\u201c<\/p>\n

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FILM – Filmov\u00e9 osudy P\u00e1na prsten\u016f zp\u011bt na obsah Kdy\u017e si uv\u011bdom\u00edme, jak\u00e1 je povaha a rozsah Tolkienova P\u00e1na prsten\u016f, je n\u00e1m jasn\u00e9, \u017ee snaha o jeho zfilmov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u00fakol t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nadlidsk\u00fd. Imagin\u00e1rn\u00ed kouzeln\u00fd sv\u011bt St\u0159edozem\u011b, des\u00edtky postav v\u010detn\u011b hobit\u016f, elf\u016f, trpasl\u00edk\u016f, sk\u0159et\u016f a jin\u00fdch neobvykl\u00fdch tvor\u016f, spletit\u00fd epizodick\u00fd d\u011bj na 1000 strank\u00e1ch – to […]<\/p>\n

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