{"id":515,"date":"2009-06-11T21:32:38","date_gmt":"2009-06-11T20:32:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?page_id=515"},"modified":"2016-08-18T14:08:54","modified_gmt":"2016-08-18T13:08:54","slug":"jrrtolkien-dilo-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/tolkien.cz\/?page_id=515","title":{"rendered":"J.R.R.TOLKIEN"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00cdLO: Hobit – D\u011bj a styl Hobita<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

D\u011bj Hobita (a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i P\u00e1na prsten\u016f) se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b St\u0159edozem\u011b, \u201eco\u017e zem\u011bpisnou \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Evropy a severn\u00edmu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e.\u201c P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Tolkien zasadil do doby mnohem pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e legendy Silmarillionu; ty se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v Prvn\u00edm v\u011bku sv\u011bta, mnoho tis\u00edc let p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem T\u0159et\u00edho v\u011bku, obdob\u00ed Hobita (v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u011bt zhruba p\u00e1t\u00fd nebo \u0161est\u00fd v\u011bk).
\nP\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Hobita za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1, kdy\u017e se jednoho dne objev\u00ed u kulat\u00fdch dve\u0159\u00ed hobita Bilba Pytl\u00edka velk\u00fd \u010darod\u011bj, Gandalf \u0160ed\u00fd, a s n\u00edm t\u0159in\u00e1ct trpasl\u00edk\u016f: nikdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e s\u00e1m Thorin Pav\u00e9za, potomek kr\u00e1l\u016f, a jeho dvan\u00e1ct druh\u016f ve vyhnanstv\u00ed (Dvalin, Bombur, Fili, Kili, Dori, Ori, Nori, Oin, Gloin, Bifur, Bofur, Balin). S nimi hobit vyr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed – k vlastn\u00edmu trval\u00e9mu \u00fadivu a zprvu velmi neochotn\u011b – za velk\u00fdm bohatstv\u00edm, trpasli\u010d\u00edm pokladem. Cestou je \u010dekaj\u00ed mnoh\u00e1 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed – p\u0159epadnou je t\u0159i zlob\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu slunce zkamen\u00ed, sk\u0159eti je uv\u011bzn\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed jeskyni, ve kter\u00e9 na\u0161li cestovatel\u00e9 \u00fakryt p\u0159ed bou\u0159\u00ed. Odporn\u00fd prap\u0159edek hobit\u016f Glum si zasout\u011b\u017e\u00ed s Bilbem v h\u00e1dank\u00e1ch a Bilbo v jeho doup\u011bti najde kouzeln\u00fd Prsten, kter\u00fd sv\u00e9mu nositeli poskytuje neviditelnost (ten sehraje hlavn\u00ed roli v P\u00e1nu Prsten\u016f). Kdy\u017e prchaj\u00ed p\u0159ed arm\u00e1dou sk\u0159et\u016f, na m\u00fdtince je nemile p\u0159ekvap\u00ed vrrci. Znenad\u00e1n\u00ed zas\u00e1hne kr\u00e1l orl\u016f, kter\u00fd dobrodruhy p\u0159ed vrrky a sk\u0159ety zachr\u00e1n\u00ed. Na chv\u00edli si odpo\u010dinou u Medd\u011bda a pak se vydaj\u00ed do Temn\u00e9ho hvozdu. Tam vyru\u0161\u00ed zlatovlas\u00e9 elfy p\u0159i oslav\u011b a Kr\u00e1l elf\u016f je za trest uv\u011bzn\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. V\u0161ichni v\u0161ak, d\u00edky Bilbovi, uniknou vodn\u00ed br\u00e1nou do Jezern\u00edho M\u011bsta. Odtud dojdou k Osam\u011bl\u00e9 ho\u0159e, kde se ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 drak a hl\u00edd\u00e1 poklady, kter\u00e9 nashrom\u00e1\u017edil za mnoho a mnoho stolet\u00ed. Bilbo projde tajnou br\u00e1nou a draka necht\u011bn\u011b uraz\u00ed. Ten se roz\u010d\u00edl\u00ed a v domn\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee jde o zlod\u011bje z bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho Jezern\u00edho m\u011bsta, jej sp\u00e1l\u00ed na popel sv\u00fdm smrt\u00edc\u00edm dechem. Av\u0161ak lukost\u0159elec Bard jej jako z\u00e1zrakem zas\u00e1hne do jedin\u00e9ho zraniteln\u00e9ho m\u00edsta a drak \u0160mak rozmet\u00e1 zbytky m\u011bsta ve sv\u00fdch smrteln\u00fdch k\u0159e\u010d\u00edch. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh kon\u010d\u00ed \u201ebitvou p\u011bti arm\u00e1d\u201c, v n\u00ed\u017e bojuj\u00ed lid\u00e9, elfov\u00e9 a trpasl\u00edci proti sk\u0159et\u016fm a vrrk\u016fm. A neb\u00fdt orl\u016f, v\u0161e by skon\u010dilo katastrofou. Nakonec v\u0161e dopadne, tak, jak by v poh\u00e1dce m\u011blo a Bilbo se vr\u00e1t\u00ed dom\u016f jen s malou truhli\u010dkou cennost\u00ed, s jej\u00ed\u017e pomoc\u00ed vykoup\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed prodan\u00fdch v aukci, b\u011bhem jeho dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed na severu St\u0159edozem\u011b.
\nJe zjevn\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Hobita je fantastick\u00fd, poh\u00e1dkov\u00fd a \u201ed\u011btsk\u00fd\u201c. Na rozd\u00edl od P\u00e1na prsten\u016f nebo Silmarillionu to toti\u017e kniha pro d\u011bti opravdu je. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b kniha pro d\u011bti napsan\u00e1 tak mistrn\u011b, vtipn\u011b a vynal\u00e9zav\u011b, \u017ee se j\u00ed pobav\u00ed i mnoh\u00fd dosp\u011bl\u00fd. P\u0159esto\u017ee byl Hobit vta\u017een do jeho mytologie, Tolkien nep\u0159ipustil, aby kniha p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zv\u00e1\u017en\u011bla nebo dokonce z\u00edskala dosp\u011bl\u00fd t\u00f3n, ale dr\u017eel se sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodn\u00edho z\u00e1m\u011bru pobavit vlastn\u00ed a snad i ciz\u00ed d\u011bti. A to se mu zda\u0159ilo. Autor zde prok\u00e1zal velk\u00fd vyprav\u011b\u010dsk\u00fd talent a smysl pro p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Kouzeln\u00fd sv\u011bt, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m autor p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e rychle vt\u00e1hne, a\u017e je mu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 l\u00edto, \u017ee se mus\u00ed vracet do \u0161ed\u00e9 reality. Tolkien tuto knihu v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b opat\u0159il vlastn\u00edmi barevn\u00fdmi ilustracemi a tak\u00e9 vlastnoru\u010dn\u011b nakreslen\u00fdmi mapkami, kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b usnad\u0148uj\u00ed orientaci. Text je prolo\u017een mnoh\u00fdmi b\u00e1sni\u010dkami, i kdy\u017e zde jsou to sp\u00ed\u0161 \u0159\u00edkanky ne\u017e v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 poezie, v\u010detn\u011b neodolateln\u00e9ho a skvostn\u00e9ho h\u00e1dankov\u00e9ho souboje Bilba a Gluma. Nen\u00ed ani divu, \u017ee se kniha z\u00e1hy po vyd\u00e1n\u00ed stala bestsellerem a nakladatelstv\u00ed Allen & Unwin po\u017e\u00e1dalo Tolkiena, aby napsal pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/center>
\n<\/a>
\nD\u00cdLO: P\u00e1n prsten\u016f – Vznik knihy<\/font>
\nzp\u011bt na obsah<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Tolkien se rozhodl vyhov\u011bt sv\u00fdm nakladatel\u016fm a napsat pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho Hobita. Zprvu v\u0161ak nem\u011bl moc jasnou p\u0159edstavu, o \u010dem nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh bude. Na konci Hobita prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee Bilbo \u201ez\u016fstal velice \u0161\u0165astn\u00fd a\u017e do konce sv\u00fdch dn\u00ed, a do\u017eil se jich neoby\u010dejn\u011b mnoho.\u201c Jak tedy mohl hobit za\u017e\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00e1 nov\u00e1 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by st\u00e1la za \u0159e\u010d a nedostat se s t\u00edm do rozporu? Nav\u00edc m\u011bl autor pocit, \u017ee na p\u016fvodn\u00edho Hobita vypl\u00fdtval p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho materi\u00e1lu a motiv\u016f a nem\u00e1 u\u017e moc o \u010dem ps\u00e1t. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b se dal do pr\u00e1ce a pod rukama se mu rozvinul p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd byl n\u011b\u010d\u00edm v\u00edc ne\u017e pouh\u00fdm pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm hrav\u00e9ho Hobita.
\nTolkien vytvo\u0159il d\u00edlo nesrovnateln\u011b rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed, propracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, my\u0161lenkov\u011b hlub\u0161\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e m\u011bl p\u016fvodn\u011b v \u00famyslu. P\u00e1n prsten\u016f se mu rodil pod rukama a p\u0159itom si \u0161el vlastn\u00edm sm\u011brem. Objevovaly se st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 a nov\u00e9 epizody, kter\u00e9 Tolkien mnohdy p\u0159edem nezam\u00fd\u0161lel. O n\u00e1hl\u00fdch n\u00e1padech sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed uk\u00e1zka z dopisu, kde Tolkien popisuje tvorbu knihy: \u201eNa sc\u00e9nu p\u0159i\u0161la nov\u00e1 postava (ur\u010dit\u011b jsem si ho nevymyslel, dokonce jsem ho ani necht\u011bl, i kdy\u017e se mi l\u00edb\u00ed, ale prost\u011b mi vkr\u00e1\u010del do ithiliensk\u00fdch les\u016f) Faramir, bratr Boromira – a zdr\u017euje ,katastrofu\u00b4 spoustou \u0159e\u010d\u00ed o d\u011bjin\u00e1ch Gondoru a Rohanu. Jestli bude je\u0161t\u011b dlouho pokra\u010dovat, spoustu z n\u011bj budu muset p\u0159esunout do dodatk\u016f.\u201c Podobn\u00e9 post\u0159ehy nic nem\u011bn\u00ed na tom, \u017ee m\u011bl Tolkien p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh p\u0159edem pe\u010dliv\u011b napl\u00e1novan\u00fd – jen se mu pon\u011bkud rozrostl a ob\u010das se zatoulal ne\u010dekan\u00fdm sm\u011brem. S v\u00fdvojem knihy se m\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 jej\u00ed t\u00f3n. Prvn\u00ed kapitoly maj\u00ed vesel\u00fd, d\u011btsk\u00fd t\u00f3n podobn\u011b jako Hobit, pozd\u011bji se v\u0161ak m\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011brem k vzne\u0161en\u00e9mu t\u00f3nu a temn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lad\u011b. Posledn\u00ed kniha trilogie m\u00e1 pak u\u017e bl\u00ed\u017e k hrdinsk\u00fdm legend\u00e1m Silmarillionu ne\u017e k laskav\u00e9mu humoru Hobita.
\nPodobn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj byl z\u0159ejm\u011b nevyhnuteln\u00fd. Tolkien vlastn\u011b necht\u011bl ps\u00e1t dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, jako byl Hobit; cht\u011bl pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00e9 seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci na mytologii. Nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh se pevn\u011b sepjal se Silmarillionem a m\u011bl z\u00edskat d\u016fstojnost z\u00e1m\u011bru a vzne\u0161en\u00fd styl star\u0161\u00ed knihy. Pravda, hobiti z\u016fstali hobity, \u010dlov\u00ed\u010dky s nohama porostl\u00fdma srst\u00ed a se sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny jako Pytl\u00edk \u010di K\u0159epelka. Nyn\u00ed si v\u0161ak Tolkien poprv\u00e9 uv\u011bdomil v\u00fdznam hobit\u016f ve St\u0159edozemi. T\u00e9ma jeho nov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu bylo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9, ale \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed v n\u011bm m\u011bla b\u00fdt state\u010dnost t\u011bchto mal\u00fdch lidi\u010dek; srdce knihy nem\u011blo b\u00fdt ve velk\u00fdch, hrdinsk\u00fdch \u010dinech, ale v hosp\u016fdk\u00e1ch a zahr\u00e1dk\u00e1ch Kraje, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavoval v\u0161echno, co Tolkien nejv\u00edc miloval na Anglii.<\/p>\n

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D\u00cdLO: Hobit – D\u011bj a styl Hobita zp\u011bt na obsah D\u011bj Hobita (a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i P\u00e1na prsten\u016f) se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b St\u0159edozem\u011b, \u201eco\u017e zem\u011bpisnou \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Evropy a severn\u00edmu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e.\u201c P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Tolkien zasadil do doby mnohem pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e legendy Silmarillionu; ty se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed v Prvn\u00edm v\u011bku sv\u011bta, mnoho tis\u00edc let p\u0159ed […]<\/p>\n

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